NAME
    BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux

SYNTAX
     busybox <applet> [arguments...]  # or

     <applet> [arguments...]          # if symlinked

DESCRIPTION
    BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a
    single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of
    the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The
    utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their
    full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included
    provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU
    counterparts.

    BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in
    mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude
    commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize
    your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc,
    and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment
    for any small or embedded system.

    BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the
    components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or
    'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable.
    Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.

    After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install
    BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target
    directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when
    configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at
    install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make
    CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet installation
    scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed
    in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.

USAGE
    BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable
    program that performs the same job as more than one utility program.
    That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary
    acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller
    since all the built-in utility programs (we call them applets) can share
    code for many common operations.

    You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the
    command line. For example, entering

            /bin/busybox ls

    will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.

    Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So
    most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.

    For example, entering

            ln -s /bin/busybox ls
            ./ls

    will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been
    compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to
    make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this
    for you when you run the 'make install' command.

    If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list
    of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.

COMMON OPTIONS
    Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse
    runtime description of their behavior. If the
    CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed
    usage information will also be available.

COMMANDS
    Currently available applets include:

    [, [[, addgroup, ar, arch, ascii, ash, awk, base32, base64, basename,
    bc, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, chat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpst,
    chroot, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, cp, cpio, crc32, crond, crontab,
    cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd, delgroup, diff, dirname, dnsd,
    dnsdomainname, dos2unix, dpkg, dpkg-deb, du, echo, ed, egrep, env,
    envdir, envuidgid, expand, expr, factor, fakeidentd, fallocate, false,
    fatattr, fgrep, find, flock, fold, fsync, ftpd, ftpget, ftpput, getopt,
    grep, groups, gunzip, gzip, halt, hd, head, hexdump, hexedit, hostid,
    hostname, httpd, hush, id, inetd, install, iostat, ipcalc, kill,
    killall, killall5, klogd, less, link, ln, logger, logname, logread, lpq,
    lpr, ls, lzcat, lzma, lzop, makemime, man, md5sum, microcom, mim, mkdir,
    mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, more, mpstat, mv, nc, nice, nl, nmeter, nohup,
    nologin, nslookup, ntpd, nuke, od, paste, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping,
    ping6, pipe_progress, pkill, pmap, popmaildir, poweroff, printenv,
    printf, ps, pscan, pwd, pwdx, readlink, readprofile, realpath, reboot,
    reformime, renice, reset, resize, resume, rev, rm, rmdir, rpm, rpm2cpio,
    run-parts, runsv, runsvdir, script, scriptreplay, sed, sendmail, seq,
    setsid, setuidgid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha3sum,
    sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, smemcap, softlimit, sort, split,
    ssl_client, ssl_server, stat, strings, stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv, svc,
    svlogd, svok, sync, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, tcpsvd, tee, telnet,
    telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute,
    traceroute6, tree, true, truncate, ts, tsort, tty, ttysize, uname,
    uncompress, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlink, unlzma, unxz, unzip,
    users, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, uuidgen, vi, vmstat, volname, w,
    wall, watch, wc, wget, which, who, whoami, whois, xargs, xxd, xz, xzcat,
    yes, zcat

COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
  addgroup
    addgroup [-g GID] [-S] [USER] GROUP

    Add a group or add a user to a group

            -g GID  Group id
            -S      Create a system group

  ar
    ar x|p|t|r [-ov] ARCHIVE [FILE]...

    Extract or list FILEs from an ar archive, or create it

            x       Extract
            p       Extract to stdout
            t       List
            r       Create
            -o      Restore mtime
            -v      Verbose

  arch
    arch

    Print system architecture

  ash
    ash [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE
    ARGS | -s ARGS]

    Unix shell interpreter

  awk
    awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]...

            -v VAR=VAL      Set variable
            -F SEP          Use SEP as field separator
            -f/-E FILE      Read program from FILE
            -e AWK_PROGRAM

  base32
    base32 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE]

    Base32 encode or decode FILE to standard output

            -d      Decode data
            -w COL  Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables)

  base64
    base64 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE]

    Base64 encode or decode FILE to standard output

            -d      Decode data
            -w COL  Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables)

  basename
    basename FILE [SUFFIX] | -a FILE... | -s SUFFIX FILE...

    Strip directory path and SUFFIX from FILE

            -a              All arguments are FILEs
            -s SUFFIX       Remove SUFFIX (implies -a)

  bc
    bc [-sqlw] [FILE]...

    Arbitrary precision calculator

            -q      Quiet
            -l      Load standard library
            -s      Be POSIX compatible
            -w      Warn if extensions are used

    $BC_LINE_LENGTH changes output width

  bunzip2
    bunzip2 [-cfk] [FILE]...

    Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

            -c      Write to stdout
            -f      Force
            -k      Keep input files
            -t      Test integrity

  bzcat
    bzcat [FILE]...

    Decompress to stdout

  bzip2
    bzip2 [-cfkdt123456789] [FILE]...

    Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm

            -1..9   Compression level
            -d      Decompress
            -c      Write to stdout
            -f      Force
            -k      Keep input files
            -t      Test integrity

  cal
    cal [-jmy] [[MONTH] YEAR]

    Display a calendar

            -j      Use julian dates
            -m      Week starts on Monday
            -y      Display the entire year

  cat
    cat [-nbvteA] [FILE]...

    Print FILEs to stdout

            -n      Number output lines
            -b      Number nonempty lines
            -v      Show nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x
            -t      ...and tabs as ^I
            -e      ...and end lines with $
            -A      Same as -vte

  chat
    chat EXPECT [SEND [EXPECT [SEND]]...]

    Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. A script
    consists of "expect-send" argument pairs. Example:

    chat '' ATZ OK ATD123456 CONNECT '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~'

  chgrp
    chgrp [-Rh]... GROUP FILE...

    Change the group membership of FILEs to GROUP

            -h      Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
            -R      Recurse

  chmod
    chmod [-R] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...

    MODE is octal number (bit pattern sstrwxrwxrwx) or [ugoa]{+|-|=}[rwxXst]

            -R      Recurse

  chown
    chown [-Rh]... USER[:[GRP]] FILE...

    Change the owner and/or group of FILEs to USER and/or GRP

            -h      Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
            -R      Recurse

  chpst
    chpst [-vP012] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-U USER[:GRP]] [-e DIR] [-/ DIR] [-n
    NICE] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] PROG
    ARGS

    Change the process state, run PROG

            -u USER[:GRP]   Set uid and gid
            -U USER[:GRP]   Set $UID and $GID in environment
            -e DIR          Set environment variables as specified by files
                            in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file
            -/ DIR          Chroot to DIR
            -n NICE         Add NICE to nice value
            -m BYTES        Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES
            -d BYTES        Limit data segment
            -o N            Limit number of open files per process
            -p N            Limit number of processes per uid
            -f BYTES        Limit output file sizes
            -c BYTES        Limit core file size
            -v              Verbose
            -P              Create new process group
            -0              Close stdin
            -1              Close stdout
            -2              Close stderr

  chroot
    chroot NEWROOT [PROG ARGS]

    Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT

  cksum
    cksum FILE...

    Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs

  clear
    clear

    Clear screen

  cmp
    cmp [-l|s] [-n NUM] FILE1 [FILE2]

    Compare FILE1 with FILE2 (or stdin)

            -l      Show decimal offset and octal byte value for differing bytes,
                    don't stop on first mismatch
            -s      Quiet
            -n NUM  Compare at most NUM bytes

  comm
    comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2

    Compare FILE1 with FILE2

            -1      Suppress lines unique to FILE1
            -2      Suppress lines unique to FILE2
            -3      Suppress lines common to both files

  cp
    cp [-arPLHpfinlsTu] SOURCE DEST or: cp [-arPLHpfinlsu] SOURCE... { -t
    DIRECTORY | DIRECTORY }

    Copy SOURCEs to DEST

            -a      Same as -dpR
            -R,-r   Recurse
            -d,-P   Preserve symlinks (default if -R)
            -L      Follow all symlinks
            -H      Follow symlinks on command line
            -p      Preserve file attributes if possible
            -f      Overwrite
            -i      Prompt before overwrite
            -n      Don't overwrite
            -l,-s   Create (sym)links
            -T      Refuse to copy if DEST is a directory
            -t DIR  Copy all SOURCEs into DIR
            -u      Copy only newer files

  cpio
    cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-R USER[:GRP]] [-ti] [EXTR_FILE]...

    Extract (-i) or list (-t) files from a cpio archive on stdin

    Main operation mode:

            -t      List
            -i      Extract EXTR_FILEs (or all)
    Options:

            -d      Make leading directories
            -m      Restore mtime
            -v      Verbose
            -u      Overwrite
            -F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file
            -R USER[:GRP]   Set owner of created files
            -L      Dereference symlinks
            -0      NUL terminated input

  crc32
    crc32 FILE...

    Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs

  crond
    crond [-fbS] [-l N] [-d N] [-L LOGFILE] [-c DIR]

            -f      Foreground
            -b      Background (default)
            -S      Log to syslog (default)
            -l N    Set log level. Most verbose 0, default 8
            -d N    Set log level, log to stderr
            -L FILE Log to FILE
            -c DIR  Cron dir. Default:/var/spool/cron/crontabs

  crontab
    crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE]

            -c      Crontab directory
            -u      User
            -l      List crontab
            -e      Edit crontab
            -r      Delete crontab
            FILE    Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)

  cttyhack
    cttyhack [PROG ARGS]

    Give PROG a controlling tty if possible. Example for /etc/inittab (for
    busybox init): ::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh Giving controlling tty to
    shell running with PID 1: $ exec cttyhack sh Starting interactive shell
    from boot shell script:

            setsid cttyhack sh

  cut
    cut {-b|c LIST | -f|F LIST [-d SEP] [-s]} [-D] [-O SEP] [FILE]...

    Print selected fields from FILEs to stdout

            -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
            -c LIST Output only characters from LIST
            -d SEP  Input field delimiter (default -f TAB, -F run of whitespace)
            -f LIST Print only these fields (-d is single char)
            -F LIST Print only these fields (-d is regex)
            -s      Drop lines with no delimiter (else print them in full)
            -D      Don't sort ranges; line without delimiters has one field
            --output-delimiter SEP  Output field delimeter
            -n      Ignored

  date
    date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [[-s] TIME]

    Display time (using +FMT), or set time

            -u              Work in UTC (don't convert to local time)
            [-s] TIME       Set time to TIME
            -d TIME         Display TIME, not 'now'
            -D FMT          FMT (strptime format) for -s/-d TIME conversion
            -r FILE         Display last modification time of FILE
            -R              Output RFC-2822 date
            -I[SPEC]        Output ISO-8601 date
                            SPEC=date (default), hours, minutes, seconds or ns

    Recognized TIME formats:

            @seconds_since_1970
            hh:mm[:ss]
            [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss]
            YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss]
            [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]
            'date TIME' form accepts MMDDhhmm[[YY]YY][.ss] instead

  dc
    dc [-x] [-eSCRIPT]... [-fFILE]... [FILE]...

    Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: Arithmetic: + - * / % ^ ~ - divide with
    remainder | - modular exponentiation v - square root p - print top of
    the stack without popping f - print entire stack k - pop the value and
    set precision i - pop the value and set input radix o - pop the value
    and set output radix Examples: dc -e'2 2 + p' -> 4, dc -e'8 8 * 2 2 + /
    p' -> 16

  dd
    dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N]
    [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync]
    [iflag=skip_bytes|count_bytes|fullblock|direct]
    [oflag=seek_bytes|append|direct]

    Copy a file with converting and formatting

            if=FILE         Read from FILE instead of stdin
            of=FILE         Write to FILE instead of stdout
            bs=N            Read and write N bytes at a time
            ibs=N           Read N bytes at a time
            obs=N           Write N bytes at a time
            count=N         Copy only N input blocks
            skip=N          Skip N input blocks
            seek=N          Skip N output blocks
            conv=notrunc    Don't truncate output file
            conv=noerror    Continue after read errors
            conv=sync       Pad blocks with zeros
            conv=fsync      Physically write data out before finishing
            conv=swab       Swap every pair of bytes
            iflag=skip_bytes        skip=N is in bytes
            iflag=count_bytes       count=N is in bytes
            oflag=seek_bytes        seek=N is in bytes
            iflag=direct    O_DIRECT input
            oflag=direct    O_DIRECT output
            iflag=fullblock Read full blocks
            oflag=append    Open output in append mode
            status=noxfer   Suppress rate output
            status=none     Suppress all output

    N may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024), MB, M,
    GB, G

  delgroup
    delgroup [USER] GROUP

    Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP

  diff
    diff [-abBdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2

    Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. This
    implementation supports unified diffs only.

            -a      Treat all files as text
            -b      Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace
            -B      Ignore changes whose lines are all blank
            -d      Try hard to find a smaller set of changes
            -i      Ignore case differences
            -L      Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header
            -N      Treat absent files as empty
            -q      Output only whether files differ
            -r      Recurse
            -S      Start with FILE when comparing directories
            -T      Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary
            -s      Report when two files are the same
            -t      Expand tabs to spaces in output
            -U      Output LINES lines of context
            -w      Ignore all whitespace

  dirname
    dirname FILENAME

    Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME

  dnsd
    dnsd [-dvs] [-c CONFFILE] [-t TTL_SEC] [-p PORT] [-i ADDR]

    Small static DNS server daemon

            -c FILE Config file
            -t SEC  TTL
            -p PORT Listen on PORT
            -i ADDR Listen on ADDR
            -d      Daemonize
            -v      Verbose
            -s      Send successful replies only. Use this if you want
                    to use /etc/resolv.conf with two nameserver lines:
                            nameserver DNSD_SERVER
                            nameserver NORMAL_DNS_SERVER

  dos2unix
    dos2unix [-ud] [FILE]

    Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is given,
    use stdin/stdout.

            -u      dos2unix
            -d      unix2dos

  dpkg
    dpkg [-ilCPru] [-F OPT] PACKAGE

    Install, remove and manage Debian packages

            -i,--install    Install the package
            -l,--list       List of installed packages
            --configure     Configure an unpackaged package
            -P,--purge      Purge all files of a package
            -r,--remove     Remove all but the configuration files for a package
            --unpack        Unpack a package, but don't configure it
            --force-depends Ignore dependency problems
            --force-confnew Overwrite existing config files when installing
            --force-confold Keep old config files when installing

  dpkg-deb
    dpkg-deb [-cefxX] FILE [DIR]

    Perform actions on Debian packages (.deb)

            -c      List files
            -f      Print control fields
            -e      Extract control files to DIR (default: ./DEBIAN)
            -x      Extract files to DIR (no default)
            -X      Verbose extract

  du
    du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...

    Summarize disk space used for FILEs (or directories)

            -a      Show file sizes too
            -b      Apparent size (including holes)
            -L      Follow all symlinks
            -H      Follow symlinks on command line
            -d N    Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N
            -c      Show grand total
            -l      Count sizes many times if hard linked
            -s      Display only a total for each argument
            -x      Skip directories on different filesystems
            -h      Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G)
            -m      Sizes in megabytes
            -k      Sizes in kilobytes (default)

  echo
    echo [-neE] [ARG]...

    Print ARGs to stdout

            -n      No trailing newline
            -e      Interpret backslash escapes (\t=tab etc)
            -E      Don't interpret backslash escapes (default)

  ed
    ed [-p PROMPT] [-s] [FILE]

  env
    env [-i0] [-u NAME]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [PROG ARGS]

    Print current environment or run PROG after setting up environment

            -, -i   Start with empty environment
            -0      NUL terminated output
            -u NAME Remove variable from environment

  envdir
    envdir DIR PROG ARGS

    Set various environment variables as specified by files in the directory
    DIR, run PROG

  envuidgid
    envuidgid USER PROG ARGS

    Set $UID to USER's uid and $GID to USER's gid, run PROG

  expand
    expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE]...

    Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout

            -i      Don't convert tabs after non blanks
            -t      Tabstops every N chars

  expr
    expr EXPRESSION

    Print the value of EXPRESSION

    EXPRESSION may be:

            ARG1 | ARG2     ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
            ARG1 & ARG2     ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
            ARG1 < ARG2     1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly:
            ARG1 <= ARG2
            ARG1 = ARG2
            ARG1 != ARG2
            ARG1 >= ARG2
            ARG1 > ARG2
            ARG1 + ARG2     Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:
            ARG1 - ARG2
            ARG1 * ARG2
            ARG1 / ARG2
            ARG1 % ARG2
            STRING : REGEXP         Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
            match STRING REGEXP     Same as STRING : REGEXP
            substr STRING POS LEN   Substring of STRING, POS counts from 1
            index STRING CHARS      Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
            length STRING           Length of STRING
            quote TOKEN             Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
                                    it is a keyword like 'match' or an
                                    operator like '/'
            (EXPRESSION)            Value of EXPRESSION

    Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
    Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
    lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between \(
    and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number of
    characters matched or 0.

  factor
    factor [NUMBER]...

    Print prime factors

  fakeidentd
    fakeidentd [-fiw] [-b ADDR] [STRING]

    Provide fake ident (auth) service

            -f      Run in foreground
            -i      Inetd mode
            -w      Inetd 'wait' mode
            -b ADDR Bind to specified address
            STRING  Ident answer string (default: nobody)

  fallocate
    fallocate [-o OFS] -l LEN FILE

    Preallocate space for FILE

            -o OFS  Offset of range
            -l LEN  Length of range

  fatattr
    fatattr [-+rhsvda] FILE...

    Change file attributes on FAT filesystem

            -       Clear attributes
            +       Set attributes
            r       Read only
            h       Hidden
            s       System
            v       Volume label
            d       Directory
            a       Archive

  find
    find [-HL] [PATH]... [OPTIONS] [ACTIONS]

    Search for files and perform actions on them. First failed action stops
    processing of current file. Defaults: PATH is current directory, action
    is '-print'

            -L,-follow      Follow symlinks
            -H              ...on command line only
            -xdev           Don't descend directories on other filesystems
            -maxdepth N     Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies
                            actions to command line arguments only
            -mindepth N     Don't act on first N levels
            -depth          Act on directory *after* traversing it

    Actions:

            ( ACTIONS )     Group actions for -o / -a
            ! ACT           Invert ACT's success/failure
            ACT1 [-a] ACT2  If ACT1 fails, stop, else do ACT2
            ACT1 -o ACT2    If ACT1 succeeds, stop, else do ACT2
                            Note: -a has higher priority than -o
            -name PATTERN   Match file name (w/o directory name) to PATTERN
            -iname PATTERN  Case insensitive -name
            -path PATTERN   Match path to PATTERN
            -ipath PATTERN  Case insensitive -path
            -regex PATTERN  Match path to regex PATTERN
            -type X         File type is X (one of: f,d,l,b,c,s,p)
            -executable     File is executable
            -perm MASK      At least one mask bit (+MASK), all bits (-MASK),
                            or exactly MASK bits are set in file's mode
            -mtime DAYS     mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
                            or exactly N days in the past
            -atime DAYS     atime +N/-N/N days in the past
            -ctime DAYS     ctime +N/-N/N days in the past
            -mmin MINS      mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
                            or exactly N minutes in the past
            -amin MINS      atime +N/-N/N minutes in the past
            -cmin MINS      ctime +N/-N/N minutes in the past
            -newer FILE     mtime is more recent than FILE's
            -inum N         File has inode number N
            -samefile FILE  File is same as FILE
            -user NAME/ID   File is owned by given user
            -group NAME/ID  File is owned by given group
            -size N[bck]    File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.))
                            +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N
            -links N        Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
                            or exactly N
            -empty          Match empty file/directory
            -prune          If current file is directory, don't descend into it
    If none of the following actions is specified, -print is assumed
            -print          Print file name
            -print0         Print file name, NUL terminated
            -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by
                            file name. Fails if CMD exits with nonzero
            -exec CMD ARG + Run CMD with {} replaced by list of file names
            -ok CMD ARG ;   Prompt and run CMD with {} replaced
            -delete         Delete current file/directory. Turns on -depth option
            -quit           Exit

  flock
    flock [-sxun] FD | { FILE [-c] PROG ARGS }

    [Un]lock file descriptor, or lock FILE, run PROG

            -s      Shared lock
            -x      Exclusive lock (default)
            -u      Unlock FD
            -n      Fail rather than wait

  fold
    fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...

    Wrap input lines in FILEs (or stdin), writing to stdout

            -b      Count bytes rather than columns
            -s      Break at spaces
            -w      Use WIDTH columns instead of 80

  fsync
    fsync [-d] FILE...

    Write all buffered blocks in FILEs to disk

            -d      Avoid syncing metadata

  ftpd
    ftpd [-wvS] [-a USER] [-t SEC] [-T SEC] [DIR]

    FTP server. Chroots to DIR, if this fails (run by non-root), cds to it.
    It is an inetd service, inetd.conf line: 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd
    ftpd /files/to/serve Can be run from tcpsvd:

            tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve

            -w      Allow upload
            -A      No login required, client access occurs under ftpd's UID
            -a USER Enable 'anonymous' login and map it to USER
            -v      Log errors to stderr. -vv: verbose log
            -S      Log errors to syslog. -SS: verbose log
            -t,-T N Idle and absolute timeout

  ftpget
    ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE

    Download a file via FTP

            -c      Continue previous transfer
            -v      Verbose
            -u USER Username
            -p PASS Password
            -P PORT

  ftpput
    ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE

    Upload a file to a FTP server

            -v      Verbose
            -u USER Username
            -p PASS Password
            -P PORT

  getopt
    getopt [OPTIONS] [--] OPTSTRING PARAMS

            -a              Allow long options starting with single -
            -l LOPT[,...]   Long options to recognize
            -n PROGNAME     The name under which errors are reported
            -o OPTSTRING    Short options to recognize
            -q              No error messages on unrecognized options
            -Q              No normal output
            -s SHELL        Set shell quoting conventions
            -T              Version test (exits with 4)
            -u              Don't quote output

    Example:

    O=`getopt -l bb: -- ab:c:: "$@"` || exit 1 eval set -- "$O" while true;
    do case "$1" in -a) echo A; shift;; -b|--bb) echo "B:'$2'"; shift 2;;
    -c) case "$2" in "") echo C; shift 2;; *) echo "C:'$2'"; shift 2;;
    esac;; --) shift; break;; *) echo Error; exit 1;; esac done

  grep
    grep [-HhnlLoqvsrRiwFE] [-m N] [-A|B|C N] { PATTERN | -e PATTERN... | -f
    FILE... } [FILE]...

    Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin)

            -H      Add 'filename:' prefix
            -h      Do not add 'filename:' prefix
            -n      Add 'line_no:' prefix
            -l      Show only names of files that match
            -L      Show only names of files that don't match
            -c      Show only count of matching lines
            -o      Show only the matching part of line
            -q      Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise
            -v      Select non-matching lines
            -s      Suppress open and read errors
            -r      Recurse
            -R      Recurse and dereference symlinks
            -i      Ignore case
            -w      Match whole words only
            -x      Match whole lines only
            -F      PATTERN is a literal (not regexp)
            -E      PATTERN is an extended regexp
            -m N    Match up to N times per file
            -A N    Print N lines of trailing context
            -B N    Print N lines of leading context
            -C N    Same as '-A N -B N'
            -e PTRN Pattern to match
            -f FILE Read pattern from file

  groups
    groups [USER]

    Print the groups USER is in

  gunzip
    gunzip [-cfkt] [FILE]...

    Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

            -c      Write to stdout
            -f      Force
            -k      Keep input files
            -t      Test integrity

  gzip
    gzip [-cfkdt123456789] [FILE]...

    Compress FILEs (or stdin)

            -1..9   Compression level
            -d      Decompress
            -c      Write to stdout
            -f      Force
            -k      Keep input files
            -t      Test integrity

  halt
    halt [-d DELAY] [-nf]

    Halt the system

            -d SEC  Delay interval
            -n      Do not sync
            -f      Force (don't go through init)

  hd
    hd FILE...

    hd is an alias for hexdump -C

  head
    head [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

    Print first 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin). With more than one FILE,
    precede each with a filename header.

            -n N[bkm]       Print first N lines
            -n -N[bkm]      Print all except N last lines
            -c [-]N[bkm]    Print first N bytes
                            (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2)
            -q              Never print headers
            -v              Always print headers

  hexdump
    hexdump [-bcdoxCv] [-e FMT] [-f FMT_FILE] [-n LEN] [-s OFS] [FILE]...

    Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format

            -b              1-byte octal display
            -c              1-byte character display
            -d              2-byte decimal display
            -o              2-byte octal display
            -x              2-byte hex display
            -C              hex+ASCII 16 bytes per line
            -v              Show all (no dup folding)
            -e FORMAT_STR   Example: '16/1 "%02x|""\n"'
            -f FORMAT_FILE
            -n LENGTH       Show only first LENGTH bytes
            -s OFFSET       Skip OFFSET bytes

  hexedit
    hexedit FILE

    Edit FILE in hexadecimal

  hostid
    hostid

    Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine

  hostname
    hostname [-sidf] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE]

    Show or set hostname or DNS domain name

            -s      Short
            -i      Addresses for the hostname
            -d      DNS domain name
            -f      Fully qualified domain name
            -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname

  httpd
    httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-M MAXCONN] [-K KILLSEC]
    [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r REALM] [-h HOME] or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING

    Listen for incoming HTTP requests

            -i              Inetd mode
            -f              Run in foreground
            -v[v]           Verbose
            -p [IP:]PORT    Bind to IP:PORT (default *:80)
            -M NUM          Pause if NUM connections are open (default 256)
            -K NUM          Kill CGIs after NUM seconds
            -u USER[:GRP]   Set uid/gid after binding to port
            -r REALM        Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication
            -h HOME         Home directory (default .)
            -c FILE         Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf)
            -m STRING       MD5 crypt STRING
            -e STRING       HTML encode STRING
            -d STRING       URL decode STRING

  hush
    hush [-enxl] [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE ARGS | -s ARGS]

    Unix shell interpreter

  id
    id [-ugGnr] [USER]

    Print information about USER or the current user

            -u      User ID
            -g      Group ID
            -G      Supplementary group IDs
            -n      Print names instead of numbers
            -r      Print real ID instead of effective ID

  inetd
    inetd [-fe] [-q N] [-R N] [CONFFILE]

    Listen for network connections and launch programs

            -f      Run in foreground
            -e      Log to stderr
            -q N    Socket listen queue (default 128)
            -R N    Pause services after N connects/min
                    (default 0 - disabled)
            Default CONFFILE is /etc/inetd.conf

  install
    install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [-t DIR] [SOURCE]... DEST

    Copy files and set attributes

            -c      Just copy (default)
            -d      Create directories
            -D      Create leading target directories
            -s      Strip symbol table
            -p      Preserve date
            -o USER Set ownership
            -g GRP  Set group ownership
            -m MODE Set permissions
            -t DIR  Install to DIR

  iostat
    iostat [-c] [-d] [-t] [-z] [-k|-m] [ALL|BLOCKDEV...] [INTERVAL [COUNT]]

    Report CPU and I/O statistics

            -c      Show CPU utilization
            -d      Show device utilization
            -t      Print current time
            -z      Omit devices with no activity
            -k      Use kb/s
            -m      Use Mb/s

  ipcalc
    ipcalc [-bnmphs] ADDRESS[/PREFIX] [NETMASK]

    Calculate and display network settings from IP address

            -b      Broadcast address
            -n      Network address
            -m      Default netmask for IP
            -p      Prefix for IP/NETMASK
            -h      Resolved host name
            -s      No error messages

  kill
    kill [-l] [-SIG] PID...

    Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs

            -l      List all signal names and numbers

  killall
    killall [-lq] [-SIG] PROCESS_NAME...

    Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes

            -l      List all signal names and numbers
            -q      Don't complain if no processes were killed

  killall5
    killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]...

    Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current session

            -l      List all signal names and numbers
            -o PID  Don't signal this PID

  klogd
    klogd [-c N] [-n]

    Log kernel messages to syslog

            -c N    Print to console messages more urgent than prio N (1-8)
            -n      Run in foreground

  less
    less [-EFIMmNSRh~] [FILE]...

    View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time

            -E      Quit once the end of a file is reached
            -F      Quit if entire file fits on first screen
            -I      Ignore case in all searches
            -M,-m   Display status line with line numbers
                    and percentage through the file
            -N      Prefix line number to each line
            -S      Truncate long lines
            -R      Remove color escape codes in input
            -~      Suppress ~s displayed past EOF

  link
    link FILE LINK

    Create hard LINK to FILE

  ln
    ln [-sfnbtv] [-S SUF] TARGET... LINK|DIR

    Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s)

            -s      Make symlinks instead of hardlinks
            -f      Remove existing destinations
            -n      Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file
            -b      Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation
            -S SUF  Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files
            -T      Treat LINK as a file, not DIR
            -v      Verbose

  logger
    logger [-s] [-t TAG] [-p PRIO] [MESSAGE]

    Write MESSAGE (or stdin) to syslog

            -s      Log to stderr as well as the system log
            -t TAG  Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name)
            -p PRIO Priority (number or FACILITY.LEVEL pair)

  logname
    logname

    Print the name of the current user

  logread
    logread [-fF]

    Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer

            -f      Output data as log grows
            -F      Same as -f, but dump buffer first

  lpq
    lpq [-P queue[@host[:port]]] [-U USERNAME] [-d JOBID]... [-fs]

            -P      lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER)
            -d      Delete jobs
            -f      Force any waiting job to be printed
            -s      Short display

  lpr
    lpr -P queue[@host[:port]] -U USERNAME -J TITLE -Vmh [FILE]...

            -P      lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER)
            -m      Send mail on completion
            -h      Print banner page too
            -V      Verbose

  ls
    ls [-1AaCxdLHRFplinshrSXvctu] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...

    List directory contents

            -1      One column output
            -a      Include names starting with .
            -A      Like -a, but exclude . and ..
            -x      List by lines
            -d      List directory names, not contents
            -L      Follow symlinks
            -H      Follow symlinks on command line
            -R      Recurse
            -p      Append / to directory names
            -F      Append indicator (one of */=@|) to names
            -l      Long format
            -i      List inode numbers
            -n      List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
            -s      List allocated blocks
            -lc     List ctime
            -lu     List atime
            --full-time     List full date/time
            -h      Human readable sizes (1K 243M 2G)
            --group-directories-first
            -S      Sort by size
            -X      Sort by extension
            -v      Sort by version
            -t      Sort by mtime
            -tc     Sort by ctime
            -tu     Sort by atime
            -r      Reverse sort order
            -w N    Format N columns wide
            --color[={always,never,auto}]

  lzcat
    lzcat [FILE]...

    Decompress to stdout

  lzma
    lzma -d [-cfk] [FILE]...

    Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

            -d      Decompress
            -c      Write to stdout
            -f      Force
            -k      Keep input files
            -t      Test integrity

  lzop
    lzop [-cfUvd123456789CF] [FILE]...

            -1..9   Compression level
            -d      Decompress
            -c      Write to stdout
            -f      Force
            -U      Delete input files
            -v      Verbose
            -F      Don't store or verify checksum
            -C      Also write checksum of compressed block

  makemime
    makemime [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

    Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs

            -o FILE Output. Default: stdout
            -a HDR  Add header(s). Examples:
                    "From: user@host.org", "Date: `date -R`"
            -c CT   Content type. Default: application/octet-stream
            -C CS   Charset. Default: us-ascii

    Other options are silently ignored

  man
    man [-aw] [SECTION] MANPAGE[.SECTION]...

    Display manual page

            -a      Display all pages
            -w      Show page locations

    $COLUMNS overrides output width

  md5sum
    md5sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...

    Print or check MD5 checksums

            -c      Check sums against list in FILEs
            -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
            -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

  microcom
    microcom [-d DELAY_MS] [-t TIMEOUT_MS ] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY

    Copy bytes from stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout

            -d DELAY        Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending
                            every next byte to it
            -t TIMEOUT      Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms
            -s SPEED        Set serial line to SPEED
            -X              Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin

  mim
    mim [-f FILE] [SHELL_OPTIONS] [TARGET] ...

    Run a script from a Makefile-like specification file

            -f FILE         Spec file (default Mimfile)

  mkdir
    mkdir [-m MODE] [-p] DIRECTORY...

    Create DIRECTORY

            -m MODE Mode
            -p      No error if exists; make parent directories as needed

  mkfifo
    mkfifo [-m MODE] NAME

    Create named pipe

            -m MODE Mode (default a=rw)

  mknod
    mknod [-m MODE] NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]

    Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)

            -m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw)
    TYPE:
            b       Block device
            c or u  Character device
            p       Named pipe (MAJOR MINOR must be omitted)

  mktemp
    mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE]

    Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name.
    TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX). Without
    TEMPLATE, -t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed.

            -d      Make directory, not file
            -q      Fail silently on errors
            -t      Prepend base directory name to TEMPLATE
            -p DIR  Use DIR as a base directory (implies -t)
            -u      Do not create anything; print a name

    Base directory is: -p DIR, else $TMPDIR, else /tmp

  more
    more [FILE]...

    View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time

  mpstat
    mpstat [-A] [-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU] [-u] [-P num|ALL] [INTERVAL [COUNT]]

    Per-processor statistics

            -A                      Same as -I ALL -u -P ALL
            -I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU     Report interrupt statistics
            -P num|ALL              Processor to monitor
            -u                      Report CPU utilization

  mv
    mv [-finT] SOURCE DEST or: mv [-fin] SOURCE... { -t DIRECTORY |
    DIRECTORY }

    Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCEs to DIRECTORY

            -f      Don't prompt before overwriting
            -i      Interactive, prompt before overwrite
            -n      Don't overwrite an existing file
            -T      Refuse to move if DEST is a directory
            -t DIR  Move all SOURCEs into DIR

  nc
    nc [OPTIONS] HOST PORT - connect nc [OPTIONS] -l -p PORT [HOST] [PORT] -
    listen

            -e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last)
            -l      Listen mode, for inbound connects
            -lk     With -e, provides persistent server
            -p PORT Local port
            -s ADDR Local address
            -w SEC  Timeout for connects and final net reads
            -i SEC  Delay interval for lines sent
            -n      Don't do DNS resolution
            -u      UDP mode
            -b      Allow broadcasts
            -v      Verbose
            -o FILE Hex dump traffic
            -z      Zero-I/O mode (scanning)

  nice
    nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG ARGS]

    Change scheduling priority, run PROG

            -n ADJUST       Adjust priority by ADJUST

  nl
    nl [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

    Write FILEs to standard output with line numbers added

            -b STYLE        Which lines to number - a: all, t: nonempty, n: none
            -i N            Line number increment
            -s STRING       Use STRING as line number separator
            -v N            Start from N
            -w N            Width of line numbers

  nmeter
    nmeter [-d MSEC] FORMAT_STRING

    Monitor system in real time

     -d MSEC        Milliseconds between updates, default:1000, none:-1

    Format specifiers:

     %Nc or %[cN]   CPU. N - bar size (default 10)
                    (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq)
     %[nINTERFACE]  Network INTERFACE
     %m             Allocated memory
     %[md]          Dirty file-backed memory
     %[mw]          Memory being written to storage
     %[mf]          Free memory
     %[mt]          Total memory
     %s             Allocated swap
     %f             Number of used file descriptors
     %Ni            Total/specific IRQ rate
     %x             Context switch rate
     %p             Forks
     %[pn]          # of processes
     %b             Block io
     %Nt            Time (with N decimal points)
     %NT            Zero-based timestamp (with N decimal points)
     %r             Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL

  nohup
    nohup PROG ARGS

    Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty

  nologin
    nologin

    Politely refuse a login

  nslookup
    nslookup [-type=QUERY_TYPE] [-debug] HOST [DNS_SERVER]

    Query DNS about HOST

    QUERY_TYPE: soa,ns,a,aaaa,cname,mx,txt,ptr,srv,any

  ntpd
    ntpd [-dnqNwl] [-I IFACE] [-S PROG] [-k KEYFILE] [-p [keyno:N:]PEER]...

    NTP client/server

            -d[d]   Verbose
            -n      Run in foreground
            -q      Quit after clock is set
            -N      Run at high priority
            -w      Do not set time (only query peers), implies -n
            -S PROG Run PROG after stepping time, stratum change, and every 11 min
            -k FILE Key file (ntp.keys compatible)
            -p [keyno:NUM:]PEER
                    Obtain time from PEER (may be repeated)
                    Use key NUM for authentication
                    If -p is not given, 'server HOST' lines
                    from /etc/ntp.conf are used
            -l      Also run as server on port 123
            -I IFACE Bind server to IFACE, implies -l

  nuke
    nuke DIR...

    Remove DIRs

  od
    od [-abcdeFfhiloxsv] [FILE]

    Print FILE (or stdin) unambiguously, as octal bytes by default

  paste
    paste [-d LIST] [-s] [FILE]...

    Paste lines from each input file, separated with tab

            -d LIST Use delimiters from LIST, not tab
            -s      Serial: one file at a time

  patch
    patch [-RNE] [-p N] [-i DIFF] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]]

            -p N    Strip N leading components from file names
            -i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin
            -R      Reverse patch
            -N      Ignore already applied patches
            -E      Remove output files if they become empty
            --dry-run       Don't actually change files

  pgrep
    pgrep [-flanovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]

    Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN

            -l      Show command name too
            -a      Show command line too
            -f      Match against entire command line
            -n      Show the newest process only
            -o      Show the oldest process only
            -v      Negate the match
            -x      Match whole name (not substring)
            -s      Match session ID (0 for current)
            -P      Match parent process ID

  pidof
    pidof [-s] [-o PID] [NAME]...

    List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs

            -s      Show only one PID
            -o PID  Omit given pid
                    Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent

  ping
    ping HOST

    Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST

  ping6
    ping6 HOST

    Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST

  pkill
    pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-xfvnoe] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]

    Send signal to processes selected by regex PATTERN

            -l      List all signals
            -x      Match whole name (not substring)
            -f      Match against entire command line
            -s SID  Match session ID (0 for current)
            -P PPID Match parent process ID
            -v      Negate the match
            -n      Signal the newest process only
            -o      Signal the oldest process only
            -e      Display name and PID of the process being killed

  pmap
    pmap [-xq] PID...

    Display process memory usage

            -x      Show details
            -q      Quiet

  popmaildir
    popmaildir [OPTIONS] MAILDIR [CONN_HELPER ARGS]

    Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir

            -s              Skip authorization
            -T              Get messages with TOP instead of RETR
            -k              Keep retrieved messages on the server
            -t SEC          Network timeout
            -F 'PROG ARGS'  Filter program (may be repeated)
            -M 'PROG ARGS'  Delivery program

    Fetch from plain POP3 server: popmaildir -k DIR nc pop3.server.com 110
    <user_and_pass.txt Fetch from SSLed POP3 server and delete fetched
    emails: popmaildir DIR -- openssl s_client -quiet -connect
    pop3.server.com:995 <user_and_pass.txt

  poweroff
    poweroff [-d DELAY] [-nf]

    Halt and shut off power

            -d SEC  Delay interval
            -n      Do not sync
            -f      Force (don't go through init)

  printenv
    printenv [VARIABLE]...

    Print environment VARIABLEs. If no VARIABLE specified, print all.

  printf
    printf FORMAT [ARG]...

    Format and print ARG(s) according to FORMAT (a-la C printf)

  ps
    ps

    Show list of processes

            w       Wide output
            l       Long output
            T       Show threads

  pscan
    pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT] HOST

    Scan HOST, print all open ports

            -c      Show closed ports too
            -b      Show blocked ports too
            -p PORT Scan from this port (default 1)
            -P PORT Scan up to this port (default 1024)
            -t MS   Timeout (default 5000 ms)
            -T MS   Minimum rtt (default 5 ms)

  pwd
    pwd

    Print the full filename of the current working directory

  pwdx
    pwdx PID...

    Show current directory for PIDs

  readlink
    readlink [-fnv] FILE

    Display the value of a symlink

            -n      Don't add newline
            -f      Canonicalize by following all symlinks
            -v      Verbose

  readprofile
    readprofile [OPTIONS]

            -m MAPFILE      (Default: /boot/System.map)
            -p PROFILE      (Default: /proc/profile)
            -M NUM          Set the profiling multiplier to NUM
            -i              Print only info about the sampling step
            -v              Verbose
            -a              Print all symbols, even if count is 0
            -b              Print individual histogram-bin counts
            -s              Print individual counters within functions
            -r              Reset all the counters (root only)
            -n              Disable byte order auto-detection

  realpath
    realpath FILE...

    Print absolute pathnames of FILEs

  reboot
    reboot [-d DELAY] [-nf]

    Reboot the system

            -d SEC  Delay interval
            -n      Do not sync
            -f      Force (don't go through init)

  reformime
    reformime [OPTIONS]

    Parse MIME-encoded message on stdin

            -x PREFIX       Extract content of MIME sections to files
            -X PROG ARGS    Filter content of MIME sections through PROG
                            Must be the last option

    Other options are silently ignored

  renice
    renice [-n] PRIORITY [[-p|g|u] ID...]...

    Change scheduling priority of a running process

            -n      Add PRIORITY to current nice value
                    Without -n, nice value is set to PRIORITY
            -p      Process ids (default)
            -g      Process group ids
            -u      Process user names

  reset
    reset

    Reset terminal (ESC codes) and termios (signals, buffering, echo)

  resize
    resize

    Resize the screen

  resume
    resume BLOCKDEV [OFFSET]

    Restore system state from 'suspend-to-disk' data in BLOCKDEV

  rev
    rev [FILE]...

    Reverse lines of FILE

  rm
    rm [-irf] FILE...

    Remove (unlink) FILEs

            -i      Always prompt before removing
            -f      Never prompt
            -R,-r   Recurse

  rmdir
    rmdir [-p] DIRECTORY...

    Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty

            -p      Include parents
            --ignore-fail-on-non-empty

  rpm
    rpm -i PACKAGE.rpm; rpm -qp[ildc] PACKAGE.rpm

    Manipulate RPM packages

    Commands:

            -i      Install package
            -qp     Query package
            -qpi    Show information
            -qpl    List contents
            -qpd    List documents
            -qpc    List config files

  rpm2cpio
    rpm2cpio PACKAGE.rpm

    Output a cpio archive of the rpm file

  run-parts
    run-parts [-a ARG]... [-u UMASK] [--reverse] [--test] [--exit-on-error]
    [--list] DIRECTORY

    Run a bunch of scripts in DIRECTORY

            -a ARG          Pass ARG as argument to scripts
            -u UMASK        Set UMASK before running scripts
            --reverse       Reverse execution order
            --test          Dry run
            --exit-on-error Exit if a script exits with non-zero
            --list          Print names of matching files even if they are not executable

  runsv
    runsv DIR

    Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service

  runsvdir
    runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT] DIR

    Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it.

            -P              Put each runsv in a new session
            -s SCRIPT       Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed

  script
    script [-afq] [-t[FILE]] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE]

    Default OUTFILE is 'typescript'

            -a      Append output
            -c PROG Run PROG, not shell
            -q      Quiet
            -t[FILE] Send timing to stderr or FILE

  scriptreplay
    scriptreplay TIMINGFILE [TYPESCRIPT [DIVISOR]]

    Play back typescripts, using timing information

  sed
    sed [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] [-f FILE]... [-e CMD]... [FILE]... or: sed
    [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] CMD [FILE]...

            -e CMD  Add CMD to sed commands to be executed
            -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed
            -i[SFX] Edit files in-place (otherwise write to stdout)
                    Optionally back files up, appending SFX
            -n      Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
            -r,-E   Use extended regex syntax

    If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command string.
    Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none).

  sendmail
    sendmail [-tv] [-f SENDER] [-amLOGIN 4<user_pass.txt | -auUSER -apPASS]
    [-w SECS] [-H 'PROG ARGS' | -S HOST] [RECIPIENT_EMAIL]...

    Read email from stdin and send it

    Standard options:

            -t              Read additional recipients from message body
            -f SENDER       For use in MAIL FROM:<sender>. Can be empty string
                            Default: -auUSER, or username of current UID
            -o OPTIONS      Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored
            -i              -oi synonym, implied and ignored

    Busybox specific options:

            -v              Verbose
            -w SECS         Network timeout
            -H 'PROG ARGS'  Run connection helper. Examples:
                    openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp -connect smtp.gmail.com:25
                    openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -connect smtp.gmail.com:465
                            $SMTP_ANTISPAM_DELAY: seconds to wait after helper connect
            -S HOST[:PORT]  Server (default $SMTPHOST or 127.0.0.1)
            -amLOGIN        Log in using AUTH LOGIN
            -amPLAIN        or AUTH PLAIN
                            (-amCRAM-MD5 not supported)
            -auUSER         Username for AUTH
            -apPASS         Password for AUTH

    If no -a options are given, authentication is not done. If -amLOGIN is
    given but no -au/-ap, user/password is read from fd #4. Other options
    are silently ignored; -oi is implied. Use makemime to create emails with
    attachments.

  seq
    seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST

    Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. FIRST, INC default to
    1.

            -w      Pad with leading zeros
            -s SEP  String separator

  setsid
    setsid [-c] PROG ARGS

    Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal and
    will not be affected by keyboard signals (^C etc).

            -c      Set controlling terminal to stdin

  setuidgid
    setuidgid USER PROG ARGS

    Set uid and gid to USER's uid and gid, drop supplementary group ids, run
    PROG

  sh
    sh [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] | FILE
    ARGS | -s ARGS]

    Unix shell interpreter

  sha1sum
    sha1sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...

    Print or check SHA1 checksums

            -c      Check sums against list in FILEs
            -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
            -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

  sha256sum
    sha256sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...

    Print or check SHA256 checksums

            -c      Check sums against list in FILEs
            -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
            -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

  sha384sum
    sha384sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...

    Print or check SHA384 checksums

            -c      Check sums against list in FILEs
            -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
            -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

  sha3sum
    sha3sum [-c[sw]] [-a BITS] [FILE]...

    Print or check SHA3 checksums

            -c      Check sums against list in FILEs
            -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
            -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
            -a BITS 224 (default), 256, 384, 512

  sha512sum
    sha512sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...

    Print or check SHA512 checksums

            -c      Check sums against list in FILEs
            -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
            -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

  shred
    shred [-fuz] [-n N] [-s SIZE] FILE...

    Overwrite/delete FILEs

            -f      Chmod to ensure writability
            -s SIZE Size to write
            -n N    Overwrite N times (default 3)
            -z      Final overwrite with zeros
            -u      Remove file

  shuf
    shuf [-n NUM] [-o FILE] [-z] [FILE | -e [ARG...] | -i L-H]

    Randomly permute lines

            -n NUM  Output at most NUM lines
            -o FILE Write to FILE, not standard output
            -z      NUL terminated output
            -e      Treat ARGs as lines
            -i L-H  Treat numbers L-H as lines

  sleep
    sleep [N]...

    Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg
    can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays

  smemcap
    smemcap >SMEMDATA.TAR

    Collect memory usage data in /proc and write it to stdout

  softlimit
    softlimit [-a BYTES] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-s BYTES] [-l BYTES] [-f
    BYTES] [-c BYTES] [-r BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N] PROG ARGS

    Set soft resource limits, then run PROG

            -a BYTES        Limit total size of all segments
            -m BYTES        Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES
            -d BYTES        Limit data segment
            -s BYTES        Limit stack segment
            -l BYTES        Limit locked memory size
            -o N            Limit number of open files per process
            -p N            Limit number of processes per uid
    Options controlling file sizes:

            -f BYTES        Limit output file sizes
            -c BYTES        Limit core file size
    Efficiency opts:

            -r BYTES        Limit resident set size
            -t N            Limit CPU time, process receives
                            a SIGXCPU after N seconds

  sort
    sort [-nrughMcszbdfiokt] [-o FILE] [-k
    START[.OFS][OPTS][,END[.OFS][OPTS]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]...

    Sort lines of text

            -o FILE Output to FILE
            -c      Check whether input is sorted
            -b      Ignore leading blanks
            -f      Ignore case
            -i      Ignore unprintable characters
            -d      Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only)
            -n      Sort numbers
            -g      General numerical sort
            -h      Sort human readable numbers (2K 1G)
            -M      Sort month
            -V      Sort version
            -t CHAR Field separator
            -k N[,M] Sort by Nth field
            -r      Reverse sort order
            -s      Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically)
            -u      Suppress duplicate lines
            -z      NUL terminated input and output

  split
    split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]]

            -b N[k|m]       Split by N (kilo|mega)bytes
            -l N            Split by N lines
            -a N            Use N letters as suffix

  ssl_client
    ssl_client [-n SNI] { -s FD [-r FD] | HOST | -e PROG ARGS }

  ssl_server
    ssl_server -f PRIVKEY_CERT.pem PROG ARGSInetd-style TLS server

            -f PEMFILE      HAProxy-style CRT file

  stat
    stat [-lt] [-c FMT] FILE...

    Display file status

            -c FMT  Use the specified format
            -L      Follow links
            -t      Terse display

    FMT sequences:

     %a     Access rights in octal
     %A     Access rights in human readable form
     %b     Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
     %B     Size in bytes of each block reported by %b
     %d     Device number in decimal
     %D     Device number in hex
     %f     Raw mode in hex
     %F     File type
     %g     Group ID
     %G     Group name
     %h     Number of hard links
     %i     Inode number
     %n     File name
     %N     File name, with -> TARGET if symlink
     %o     I/O block size
     %s     Total size in bytes
     %t     Major device type in hex
     %T     Minor device type in hex
     %u     User ID
     %U     User name
     %x     Time of last access
     %X     Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
     %y     Time of last modification
     %Y     Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
     %z     Time of last change
     %Z     Time of last change as seconds since Epoch

  strings
    strings [-fo] [-t o|d|x] [-n LEN] [FILE]...

    Display printable strings in a binary file

            -f              Precede strings with filenames
            -o              Precede strings with octal offsets
            -t o|d|x        Precede strings with offsets in base 8/10/16
            -n LEN          At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)

  stty
    stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...

    Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations
    from stty sane

            -F DEVICE       Open device instead of stdin
            -a              Print all current settings in human-readable form
            -g              Print in stty-readable form
            [SETTING]       See manpage

  su
    su [-lmp] [-s SH] [-] [USER [FILE ARGS | -c 'CMD' [ARG0 ARGS]]]

    Run shell under USER (by default, root)

            -,-l    Clear environment, go to home dir, run shell as login shell
            -p,-m   Do not set new $HOME, $SHELL, $USER, $LOGNAME
            -c CMD  Command to pass to 'sh -c'
            -s SH   Shell to use instead of user's default

  sulogin
    sulogin [-t N] [TTY]

    Single user login

            -p      Start a login shell
            -t SEC  Timeout

  sum
    sum [-rs] [FILE]...

    Checksum and count the blocks in a file

            -r      Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks)
            -s      Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)

  sv
    sv [-v] [-w SEC] CMD SERVICE_DIR...

    Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. Commands (only first
    character is enough):

    status: query service status up: if service isn't running, start it. If
    service stops, restart it once: like 'up', but if service stops, don't
    restart it down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run exits, start
    ./finish if it exists. After it stops, don't restart service exit: send
    TERM and CONT signals to service and log service. If they exit, runsv
    exits too pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill:
    send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL signal to
    service

  svc
    svc [-udopchaitkx] SERVICE_DIR...

    Control services monitored by runsv supervisor

            -u      If service is not running, start it; restart if it stops
            -d      If service is running, send TERM+CONT signals; do not restart it
            -o      Once: if service is not running, start it; do not restart it
            -pchaitk Send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, TERM, KILL signal to service
            -x      Exit: runsv will exit as soon as the service is down

  svlogd
    svlogd [-tttv] [-r C] [-R CHARS] [-l MATCHLEN] [-b BUFLEN] DIR...

    Read log data from stdin and write to rotated log files in DIRs

            -r C    Replace non-printable characters with C
            -R CHARS Also replace CHARS with C (default _)
            -t      Timestamp with @tai64n
            -tt     Timestamp with yyyy-mm-dd_hh:mm:ss.sssss
            -ttt    Timestamp with yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.sssss
            -v      Verbose

    DIR/config file modifies behavior: sSIZE - when to rotate logs (default
    1000000, 0 disables) nNUM - number of files to retain !PROG - process
    rotated log with PROG +,-PATTERN - (de)select line for logging
    E,ePATTERN - (de)select line for stderr

  svok
    svok SERVICE_DIR

    Check whether runsv supervisor is running. Exit code is 0 if it does,
    100 if it does not, 111 (with error message) if SERVICE_DIR does not
    exist.

  sync
    sync

    Write all buffered blocks to disk

  syslogd
    syslogd [OPTIONS]

    System logging utility

            -n              Run in foreground
            -R HOST[:PORT]  Log to HOST:PORT (default PORT:514)
            -L              Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R)
            -C[size_kb]     Log to shared mem buffer (use logread to read it)
            -K              Log to kernel printk buffer (use dmesg to read it)
            -O FILE         Log to FILE (default: /var/log/messages, stdout if -)
            -s SIZE         Max size (KB) before rotation (default 200KB, 0=off)
            -b N            N rotated logs to keep (default 1, max 99, 0=purge)
            -l N            Log only messages more urgent than prio N (1-8)
            -S              Smaller output
            -t              Strip client-generated timestamps
            -D              Drop duplicates
            -f FILE         Use FILE as config (default:/etc/syslog.conf)

  tac
    tac [FILE]...

    Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse

  tail
    tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

    Print last 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin) to. With more than one FILE,
    precede each with a filename header.

            -c [+]N[bkm]    Print last N bytes
            -n N[bkm]       Print last N lines
            -n +N[bkm]      Start on Nth line and print the rest
                            (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2)
            -q              Never print headers
            -v              Always print headers
            -f              Print data as file grows
            -F              Same as -f, but keep retrying
            -s SECONDS      Wait SECONDS between reads with -f

  tar
    tar c|x|t [-ZzJjahmvokO] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [-T FILE] [-X FILE]
    [LONGOPT]... [FILE]...

    Create, extract, or list files from a tar file

            c       Create
            x       Extract
            t       List
            -f FILE Name of TARFILE ('-' for stdin/out)
            -C DIR  Change to DIR before operation
            -v      Verbose
            -O      Extract to stdout
            -m      Don't restore mtime
            -o      Don't restore user:group
            -k      Don't replace existing files
            -Z      (De)compress using compress
            -z      (De)compress using gzip
            -J      (De)compress using xz
            -j      (De)compress using bzip2
            --lzma  (De)compress using lzma
            -a      (De)compress based on extension
            -h      Follow symlinks
            -T FILE File with names to include
            -X FILE File with glob patterns to exclude
            --exclude PATTERN       Glob pattern to exclude
            --overwrite             Replace existing files
            --strip-components NUM  NUM of leading components to strip
            --no-recursion          Don't descend in directories
            --numeric-owner         Use numeric user:group
            --no-same-permissions   Don't restore access permissions
            --to-command COMMAND    Pipe files to COMMAND

  tcpsvd
    tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT
    PROG

    Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming connections.
    Run PROG for each connection.

            IP PORT         IP:PORT to listen on
            PROG ARGS       Program to run
            -u USER[:GRP]   Change to user/group after bind
            -c N            Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30)
            -b N            Allow backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs (default 20)
            -C N[:MSG]      Allow only up to N connections from the same IP:
                            new connections from this IP address are closed
                            immediately, MSG is written to the peer before close
            -E              Don't set up environment
            -h              Look up peer's hostname
            -l NAME         Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS)
            -v              Verbose

    Environment if no -E: PROTO='TCP' TCPREMOTEADDR='ip:port' ('[ip]:port'
    for IPv6) TCPLOCALADDR='ip:port' TCPORIGDSTADDR='ip:port' of destination
    before firewall Useful for REDIRECTed-to-local connections: iptables -t
    nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to 8080
    TCPCONCURRENCY=num_of_connects_from_this_ip If -h:
    TCPLOCALHOST='hostname' (-l NAME is used if specified)
    TCPREMOTEHOST='hostname'

  tee
    tee [-ai] [FILE]...

    Copy stdin to each FILE, and also to stdout

            -a      Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite
            -i      Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)

  telnet
    telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT]

    Connect to telnet server

            -a      Automatic login with $USER envvar
            -l USER Automatic login as USER

  telnetd
    telnetd [OPTIONS]

    Handle incoming telnet connections

            -l LOGIN        Exec LOGIN on connect (default /bin/login)
            -f ISSUE_FILE   Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue.net
            -K              Close connection as soon as login exits
                            (normally wait until all programs close slave pty)
            -p PORT         Port to listen on. Default 23
            -b ADDR[:PORT]  Address to bind to
            -F              Run in foreground
            -i              Inetd mode
            -w SEC          Inetd 'wait' mode, linger time SEC
                    inetd.conf line: 23 stream tcp wait root telnetd telnetd -w10
            -S              Log to syslog (implied by -i or without -F and -w)
            -v              Verbose

  tftp
    tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]

    Transfer a file from/to tftp server

            -l FILE Local FILE
            -r FILE Remote FILE
            -g      Get file
            -p      Put file
            -b SIZE Transfer blocks in bytes

  tftpd
    tftpd [-crl] [-u USER] [DIR]

    Transfer a file on tftp client's request

    tftpd is an inetd service, inetd.conf line: 69 dgram udp nowait root
    tftpd tftpd -l /files/to/serve Can be run from udpsvd:

            udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve

            -r      Prohibit upload
            -c      Allow file creation via upload
            -u USER Access files as USER
            -l      Log to syslog (inetd mode requires this)

  timeout
    timeout [-s SIG] [-k KILL_SECS] SECS PROG ARGS

    Run PROG. Send SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. Default SIG:
    TERM.If it still exists in KILL_SECS seconds, send KILL.

  top
    top [-bmH] [-n COUNT] [-d SECONDS]

    Show a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of all
    processes from /proc each SECONDS and show a screenful of them. Keys:

            N/M/P/T: show CPU usage, sort by pid/mem/cpu/time
            S: show memory
            R: reverse sort
            H: toggle threads, 1: toggle SMP
            Q,^C: exit
    Options:

            -b      Batch mode
            -n N    Exit after N iterations
            -d SEC  Delay between updates
            -m      Same as 's' key
            -H      Show threads

  touch
    touch [-cham] [-d DATE] [-t DATE] [-r FILE] FILE...

    Update mtime of FILEs

            -c      Don't create files
            -h      Don't follow links
            -a      Change only atime
            -m      Change only mtime
            -d DT   Date/time to use
            -t DT   Date/time to use
            -r FILE Use FILE's date/time

  tr
    tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]

    Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to stdout

            -c      Take complement of STRING1
            -d      Delete input characters coded STRING1
            -s      Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character

  traceroute
    traceroute [-46IFlnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT]
    [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST
    [BYTES]

    Trace the route to HOST

            -4,-6   Force IP or IPv6 name resolution
            -F      Set don't fragment bit
            -I      Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
            -l      Display TTL value of the returned packet
            -n      Print numeric addresses
            -r      Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
            -v      Verbose
            -f N    First number of hops (default 1)
            -m N    Max number of hops
            -q N    Number of probes per hop (default 3)
            -p N    Base UDP port number used in probes
                    (default 33434)
            -s IP   Source address
            -i IFACE Source interface
            -t N    Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
            -w SEC  Wait for a response (default 3)
            -z MSEC Wait before each send

  traceroute6
    traceroute6 [-Inrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT] [-t
    TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]

    Trace the route to HOST

            -I      Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
            -n      Print numeric addresses
            -r      Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
            -v      Verbose
            -f N    First number of hops (default 1)
            -m N    Max number of hops
            -q N    Number of probes per hop (default 3)
            -p N    Base UDP port number used in probes
                    (default 33434)
            -s IP   Source address
            -i IFACE Source interface
            -t N    Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
            -w SEC  Wait for a response (default 3)
            -z MSEC Wait before each send

  truncate
    truncate [-c] -s SIZE FILE...

    Truncate FILEs to SIZE

            -c      Do not create files
            -s SIZE

  ts
    ts [-is] [STRFTIME]

    Pipe stdin to stdout, add timestamp to each line

            -s      Time since start
            -i      Time since previous line

  tsort
    tsort [FILE]

    Topological sort

  tty
    tty [-s]

    Print file name of stdin's terminal

            -s      Print nothing, only return exit status

  ttysize
    ttysize [w] [h]

    Print dimensions of stdin tty, or 80x24

  uname
    uname [-amnrspvio]

    Print system information

            -a      Print all
            -m      Machine (hardware) type
            -n      Hostname
            -r      Kernel release
            -s      Kernel name (default)
            -p      Processor type
            -v      Kernel version
            -i      Hardware platform
            -o      OS name

  uncompress
    uncompress [-cf] [FILE]...

    Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

            -c      Write to stdout
            -f      Overwrite

  unexpand
    unexpand [-fa][-t N] [FILE]...

    Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout

            -a      Convert all blanks
            -f      Convert only leading blanks
            -t N    Tabstops every N chars

  uniq
    uniq [-cduiz] [-f,s,w N] [FILE [OUTFILE]]

    Discard duplicate lines

            -c      Prefix lines by the number of occurrences
            -d      Only print duplicate lines
            -u      Only print unique lines
            -i      Ignore case
            -z      NUL terminated output
            -f N    Skip first N fields
            -s N    Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields)
            -w N    Compare N characters in line

  unix2dos
    unix2dos [-ud] [FILE]

    Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is given,
    use stdin/stdout.

            -u      dos2unix
            -d      unix2dos

  unlink
    unlink FILE

    Delete FILE by calling unlink()

  unlzma
    unlzma [-cfk] [FILE]...

    Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

            -c      Write to stdout
            -f      Force
            -k      Keep input files
            -t      Test integrity

  unxz
    unxz [-cfk] [FILE]...

    Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

            -c      Write to stdout
            -f      Force
            -k      Keep input files
            -t      Test integrity

  unzip
    unzip [-lnojpqK] FILE[.zip] [FILE]... [-x FILE]... [-d DIR]

    Extract FILEs from ZIP archive

            -l      List contents (with -q for short form)
            -n      Never overwrite files (default: ask)
            -o      Overwrite
            -j      Do not restore paths
            -p      Write to stdout
            -t      Test
            -q      Quiet
            -K      Do not clear SUID bit
            -x FILE Exclude FILEs
            -d DIR  Extract into DIR

  users
    users

    Print the users currently logged on

  usleep
    usleep N

    Pause for N microseconds

  uudecode
    uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE]

    Uudecode a file Finds OUTFILE in uuencoded source unless -o is given

  uuencode
    uuencode [-m] [FILE] STORED_FILENAME

    Uuencode FILE (or stdin) to stdout

            -m      Use base64 encoding per RFC1521

  uuidgen
    uuidgen

    Generate a random UUID

  vi
    vi [-c CMD] [-R] [-H] [FILE]...

    Edit FILE

            -c CMD  Initial command to run ($EXINIT and ~/.exrc also available)
            -R      Read-only
            -H      List available features

  vmstat
    vmstat [-n] [INTERVAL [COUNT]]

    Show virtual memory statistics

            -n      Show header once

  volname
    volname [DEVICE]

    Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom)

  w
    w

    Show who is logged on

  wall
    wall [FILE]

    Write content of FILE or stdin to all logged-in users

  watch
    watch [-n SEC] [-tx] PROG ARGS

    Run PROG periodically

            -n SEC  Period (default 2)
            -t      Don't print header
            -x      exec(PROG,ARGS) instead of sh -c 'PROG ARGS'

  wc
    wc [-cmlwL] [FILE]...

    Count lines, words, and bytes for FILEs (or stdin)

            -c      Count bytes
            -m      Count characters
            -l      Count newlines
            -w      Count words
            -L      Print longest line length

  wget
    wget [-cqS] [--spider] [-O FILE] [-o LOGFILE] [--header STR]
    [--post-data STR | --post-file FILE] [-Y on/off]
    [--no-check-certificate] [-P DIR] [-U AGENT] [-T SEC] URL...

    Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP

            --spider        Only check URL existence: $? is 0 if exists
            --header STR    Add STR (of form 'header: value') to headers
            --post-data STR Send STR using POST method
            --post-file FILE        Send FILE using POST method
            --no-check-certificate  Don't validate the server's certificate
            -c              Continue retrieval of aborted transfer
            -q              Quiet
            -P DIR          Save to DIR (default .)
            -S              Show server response
            -T SEC          Network read timeout is SEC seconds
            -O FILE         Save to FILE ('-' for stdout)
            -o LOGFILE      Log messages to FILE
            -U STR          Use STR for User-Agent header
            -Y on/off       Use proxy

  which
    which [-a] COMMAND...

    Locate COMMAND

            -a      Show all matches

  who
    who [-aH]

    Show who is logged on

            -a      Show all
            -H      Print column headers

  whoami
    whoami

    Print the user name associated with the current effective user id

  whois
    whois [-i] [-h SERVER] [-p PORT] NAME...

    Query WHOIS info about NAME

            -i      Show redirect results too
            -h,-p   Server to query

  xargs
    xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]

    Run PROG on every item given by stdin

            -0      NUL terminated input
            -a FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
            -o      Reopen stdin as /dev/tty
            -r      Don't run command if input is empty
            -t      Print the command on stderr before execution
            -p      Ask user whether to run each command
            -E STR,-e[STR]  STR stops input processing
            -I STR  Replace STR within PROG ARGS with input line
            -n N    Pass no more than N args to PROG
            -s N    Pass command line of no more than N bytes
            -P N    Run up to N PROGs in parallel
            -x      Exit if size is exceeded

  xxd
    xxd [-ri] [-ps] [-g N] [-c N] [-l LEN] [-s OFS] [-o OFS] [FILE]

    Hex dump FILE (or stdin)

            -g N            Bytes per group (default 2)
            -c N            Bytes per line (default:16, -ps:30, -i:12)
            -ps             Show only hex bytes (no offset/spaces)
            -i              C include file style
            -l LENGTH       Show only first LENGTH bytes
            -s OFFSET       Skip OFFSET bytes
            -o OFFSET       Add OFFSET to displayed offset
            -r              Reverse (with -p, assumes no offsets in input)

  xz
    xz -d [-cfk] [FILE]...

    Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

            -d      Decompress
            -c      Write to stdout
            -f      Force
            -k      Keep input files
            -t      Test integrity

  xzcat
    xzcat [FILE]...

    Decompress to stdout

  yes
    yes [STRING]

    Repeatedly print a line with STRING, or 'y'

  zcat
    zcat [FILE]...

    Decompress to stdout

LIBC NSS
    GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the
    behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure
    how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. This
    is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using
    one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using
    any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login
    and su, will use libc functions that require NSS.

    If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions
    to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files
    without using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the
    need for installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries.

    When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly
    require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in
    particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*,
    and /lib/libresolv*).

    Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as
    uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc
    does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.

MAINTAINER
    Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>

AUTHORS
    The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know
    it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should
    probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If
    you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done
    needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update.

    Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it>

        run-parts

    Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>

        Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
        core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
        Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that
        nobody is going to actually read.

    Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk>

        rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm

    Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com>

        ftpput, ftpget

    Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>

        expr, hostid, logname, whoami

    John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org>

        du, nslookup, sort

    Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>

        tiny-ls(ls)

    Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>

        fbset, ping, hostname

    Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>

        more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
        various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance

    Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>

        ipcalc

    Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se>

        tftp client insmod powerpc support

    Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>

        pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.

    Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org>

        httpd

    Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com>

        Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support,
        logread), various fixes.

    Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>

        cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.

    Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>

        mktemp.c

    Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu>

        documentation, bugfixes, test suite

    Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net>

        ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence

    John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>

        tr

    Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au>

        Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput,
        nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode.
        Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.

    Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org>

        cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes,
        mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string,
        get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines

        also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in
        ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir,
        mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable,
        interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route

    Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>

        cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current);
        ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top;
        locale, various fixes
        and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.

    Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>

        Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can
        still be found hiding here and there...

    Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>

        bug fixes, member of fan club

    Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com>

        reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.

    Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>

        wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications

    Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>

        Lots of bugs fixes and patches.

    Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>

        Remote logging feature for syslogd

    Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>

        mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix

    Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org>

        grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous),
        style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.

    Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>

        gzip, mini-netcat(nc)

    Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>

        tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance

    Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it>

        devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.

    Paul Fox <pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us>

        vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes

    Roberto A. Foglietta <me@roberto.foglietta.name>

        port: dnsd

    Bernhard Reutner-Fischer <rep.dot.nop@gmail.com>

        misc

    Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>

        initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc

    Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com>

        fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes)

